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<doc>

  <title>About The Basic Library</title>

  <h2-index/>

  <h2>The "Basic" library</h2>

  <p>
  The "Basic" Library provides some useful generic PCell's.
  One use model is to draw a shape and convert the shape to one
  of the provided PCell's. This use model is suitable for creating
  Circles, Ellipses, Donuts, Texts and rounded and stroked polygons or
  rounded paths.
  </p>

  <p>
  To use that feature, draw the shape and choose "Convert To PCell's"
  from the "Edit"/"Selection" menu. A dialog will be shown where the
  target PCell can be selected. Only those PCell's supporting that
  shape type will be shown.
  </p>

  <p>
  The "Basic" library provides the following PCell's:
  </p>

  <ul>
    <li><b>TEXT</b>: A text generator</li>
    <li><b>CIRCLE</b>: A circle</li>
    <li><b>DONUT</b>: A donut (circle with hole)</li>
    <li><b>ELLIPSE</b>: An ellipse</li>
    <li><b>PIE</b>: A pie (a segment of a circle)</li>
    <li><b>ARC</b>: An arc (a segment of a donut)</li>
    <li><b>ROUND_PATH</b>: A rounded path (a path bending around the corners with a given radius)</li>
    <li><b>ROUND_POLYGON</b>: A rounded polygon (a polygon with rounded corners)</li>
    <li><b>STROKED_BOX</b>: A stroked box (the "rim" of a box, optionally with smooth corners)</li>
    <li><b>STROKED_POLYGON</b>: A stroked polygon (the "rim" of a polygon, optionally with smooth corners)</li>
  </ul>

  <h2>TEXT</h2>

  <p>
  The text generator can produce texts in various forms.
  The following sample shows inverse text, normal text and text with bias and 
  enlarged character spacing:
  </p>

  <p>
  <img src="/about/basic_text.png"/>
  </p>

  <p>
  It's even possible to install custom fonts. Fonts are basically GDS files
  with the following features:
  </p>

  <ul>
    <li>One cell per character. Cells must be either named like the character "A", "B", "0" etc. or 
    like the ASCII code in 3-digit decimal notation (i.e. "036" for the dollar character).
    </li>
    <li>The characters must be drawn in the character cells on layer 1/0. A box defining the 
    extension of the characters (including spacing) must be drawn on layer 2/0. Optionally a 
    background rectangle for the "inverse font" feature can be drawn on layer 3/0.
    </li>
    <li>One cell called "COMMENT" with text objects defining the basic text properties through their
      strings, in particular:
      <ul>
        <li><b>design_grid=x</b>: specifies the basic grid the characters are designed on. 
          "x" is the grid in database units.
        </li>
        <li><b>line_width=x</b>: specifies the line width in database units.</li>
        <li>A comment string which is displayed in the font selection box on the
          PCell parameters page.
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>

  <p>
  Custom fonts are installed by copying the font file to a folder named "fonts" 
  in one of the places in KLayout's path. The standard font can be found in 
  "src/std_font.gds" in the source package.
  </p>

  <h2>CIRCLE and ELLIPSE</h2>

  <p>These PCell's define a circle and an ellipse. In both cases, the number of interpolation
  points (per full circle) can be specified. The default is 64 points. A circle features 
  a handle to define the diameter. An ellipse features two handles defining the diameters in
  x and y direction.
  </p>

  <p>When a shape is converted to a circle or ellipse PCell, the shape's bounding box will
  be used to define the enclosing box of the circle or ellipse.
  </p>

  <h2>DONUT</h2>

  <p>The donut PCell creates a circle with a hole. This PCell features the same parameters than
  the circle but an additional parameter defining the hole radius. For that, it provides two
  handles - one for the outer and one for the inner radius.
  </p>
  
  <p>When a shape is converted to a donut, the shape's bounding box will be used to define the
  enclosing box of the donut and the hole's diameter will be choosen to be half of the outer
  diameter.
  </p>

  <h2>PIE and ARC</h2>

  <p>Both of these PCell's are segments of circles or donuts. The PIE PCell features two handles to
  define the radius and start and end angle. The ARC PCell also features two handles to define outer 
  and inner radius as well. The following image shows PIE and ARC in action:</p>

  <p>
  <img src="/about/pie_arc.png"/>
  </p>

  <p>Both PCell's do not support conversion of shapes.</p>

  <h2>ROUND_PATH</h2>

  <p>The round path is a PCell that is based on a path object but is capable of smoothing
  the path's corners by applying a radius. The following image gives an example:
  </p>

  <p>
  <img src="/about/round_path.png"/>
  </p>

  <p>
  The PCell features a parameter that defines the radius. The path itself
  can be manipulated as usual, in particular with partial edit mode.
  Path objects can be converted to ROUND_PATH pcells. In that case, the initial radius
  will be choosen to be roughly 10 percent of the minimum bounding box dimensions
  of the original path.
  </p>

  <h2>ROUND_POLYGON</h2>

  <p>The round polygon is a PCell that is based on a polygon object but is capable of smoothing
  the polygon's corners by applying a radius. The following image gives an example:
  </p>

  <p>
  <img src="/about/round_polygon.png"/>
  </p>

  <p>
  The PCell features a parameter that defines the radius. The polygon itself
  can be manipulated as usual, in particular with partial edit mode.
  Polygon, box or path objects can be converted to ROUND_POLYGON pcells. In that case, the initial radius
  will be choosen to be roughly 10 percent of the minimum bounding box dimensions
  of the original polygon.
  </p>

  <h2>STROKED_POLYGON or STROKED_BOX</h2>

  <p>The stroked polygon or box is a PCell that is based on a polygon object but will 
  produce the "rim" of this polygon. In addition, it can apply corner rounding with a 
  given radius.
  </p>

  <p>
  <img src="/about/stroked_polygon.png"/>
  </p>

  <p>
  The PCell features two parameters that define the radius and width of the "rim" line. 
  The polygon or box itself can be manipulated as usual.
  Polygon, box or path objects can be converted to STROKED_POLYGON or STROKED_BOX pcells. 
  In that case, the initial radius will be zero. The width of the rim line will be choosen
  to be roughly 10 percent of the minimum bounding box dimensions of the original polygon.
  For STROKED_BOX, the bounding box of the original shape will be used as the basic shape.
  </p>

</doc>


  
